The history of cardiac pacing therapy must be viewed within the broader framework of electro-diagnosis and electro-therapy. Moreover it can be observed that the development of electro-therapy usually preceded the understanding of what was actually occurring within the heart.
Electro-therapy has a simple core concept: the use of an outside source of electricity to stimulate human tissue in various ways to produce a beneficial therapeutic effect. This has shown a prolonged, halting development through the ages, sometimes being looked upon as mysterious magic produced by complex machines.
Over the last fifty years or so, electro-therapy has shown a very rapid, almost explosive, development with many innovators contributing to a whole series of "firsts". This was the consequence of a remarkable co-operation among surgeons, physicians, engineers, chemists, businessmen and patients. The field of paediatric open heart surgery gave a major impetus to the development of pacemakers since heart block often accompanied impeccably performed intra-cardiac repairs of congenital defects.
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